Van Anrooij won the junior world cyclo-cross title at Dübendorf in 2020, 53 seconds clear of Puck Pieterse, and added the European under-23 cyclo-cross title the following winter. Trek took her on as a stagiaire in 2020 and she turned professional with the team, riding a road programme in summer and a cross programme in winter rather than choosing between the two.
At the 2022 European Championships in Anadia she won both the under-23 road race and the under-23 time trial, beating Vittoria Guazzini in each. Later that month she rode the first Tour de France Femmes and came away with the young rider classification.
Her first cyclo-cross World Cup win came at Hilvarenbeek in November 2022, and she followed it with Gavere on Boxing Day and Zonhoven in January, along with victories at Loenhout and Koksijde. She finished third in the World Cup standings behind Fem van Empel and Pieterse, then took the under-23 world title at Hoogerheide in February 2023, 33 seconds ahead of Zoe Backstedt.
She won Trofeo Alfredo Binda in 2023, ahead of Elisa Balsamo and Guazzini. In the spring of 2024 she was fifth at Strade Bianche, second to Marianne Vos at Dwars door Vlaanderen, and third at the Tour of Flanders, in the leading group with her Lidl-Trek team-mate Elisa Longo Borghini and Katarzyna Niewiadoma. She was third on stage six of the 2025 Giro d'Italia Women.
She won the Trek Cup at Waterloo in October 2023 and was second at the Zilvermeercross in Mol that December, then waited until the winter of 2025-26 for her next cyclo-cross podium, taking second at the Koksijde World Cup and third at Terralba. She finished ninth at the world championships in Hulst in January 2026 and rode on the Dutch team that won the mixed relay there.









