Niewiadoma grew up in Limanowa, in the hills of southern Poland, and came through the Polish club system at TKK Pacific Toruń before Rabobank-Liv took her on as a stagiaire in 2013. She turned professional with the team the following February. At the 2015 Giro Rosa, aged twenty, she rode as a leader alongside Anna van der Breggen and Pauline Ferrand-Prévot and won the young rider classification.
She won The Women's Tour in 2017 after a long solo on the opening stage, holding the leader's jersey from the first day to the last and becoming the youngest rider to win the race. Trofeo Alfredo Binda followed in 2018, ahead of Chantal Blaak and Marianne Vos, and the Amstel Gold Race in 2019 after an attack on the Cauberg.
She was second at Strade Bianche in 2016, 2017 and 2018. She finished second overall at the 2020 Giro Rosa behind Van der Breggen, wearing the pink jersey for a day after Annemiek van Vleuten crashed out of the lead, and took bronze at the 2021 world championships in Leuven, a second down on Elisa Balsamo and Vos.
She was third overall at the first Tour de France Femmes in 2022 and third again in 2023, losing second place to Lotte Kopecky by twenty-one hundredths of a second and winning the mountains jersey. In October that year she rode away from the field to win the gravel world championships in Veneto, ahead of Silvia Persico and Demi Vollering.
La Flèche Wallonne in April 2024 was her first World Tour win since Amstel, taken ahead of Vollering and Elisa Longo Borghini. In August she won the Tour de France Femmes by four seconds over Vollering on Alpe d'Huez, the narrowest winning margin the race has produced, and became the first Polish rider to win one.
She was third again in 2025, behind Pauline Ferrand-Prévot and Vollering, and won the Polish road race championship that summer. She married the American rider Taylor Phinney in 2024 and has raced under the name Niewiadoma-Phinney since.









